地道风与空气源热泵

　　《地道风与空气源热泵》：
　　2.3 Change rules of soil temperature inside formation
　　The change of soil temperature inside the formation refers to the changing rule of soil temperature along with time and space change，and it is the combined action of internal soil heat balance and soil thermal characteristics of the formation and it is the specific reaction of the soil thermal conditions.Under the influence of daily and yearly periodic change of ground temperature，the soil temperature，correspondingly，has two kinds of periodic changes：
　　1.Daily periodic change of soil temperature
　　The ground surface temperature starts to rise after sunrise，reaches the maximum until the 13：00——14：00 in the afternoon，and then gradually declines.The diurnal variation amplitude of the soil temperature decreases gradually along with the formation depth increase，and the temperature peak time also gradually postpones.Usually，the soil temperature variation in buried depth of 1～1.5 m is not that obvious.Therefore，for shallow buried underground structures，the influence of soil temperature diurnal variation is negligible.
　　2.Yearly periodic change of soil temperature
　　Annual change of formation soil temperature refers to the change of soil temperature in each month of the year; in general，the soil temperature begins to rise in March and reaches the peak in July，then gradually declines.With the increase of depth，annual change amplitude of soil temperature gradually decreases，the respective occurrence time of maximum and minimum values is delayed; upon a certain depth，soil temperature barely changes throughout the year，and this depth for constant soil temperature varies from area to area，which is 25 m at high latitudes and 15 to 25 m in mid-latitudes.
　　2.4 Numerical mathematical model for original soil temperature field
　　Due to earth's autorotation and revolution，the solar radiation to the ground presents a cyclical change，making the earth's surface temperature also a time periodic function，which all can be expressed in some cosine function.The periodic change of ground surface temperature causes deep formation soil temperature distribution change.Its influencing area is in shallow soil，and the influencing depth varies in different areas.
　　……

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Current situation of energy source in China
1.2 Utilization of renewable energy resource
1.3 Traditional utility pattern of air through tunnel（hereafter referred to as"ATT"）
Chapter 2 Characteristic of Formation Temperature Change
2.1 Source of formation energy
2.1.1 Solar radiation energy
2.1.2 Biological heat
2.1.3 Geothermal resources
2.2 Thermo—physical property of formation soil
2.2.1 Heat conductivity coefficient λ
2.2.2 Specific heat cP
2.2.3 Thermal diffusivity α
2.3 Change rules of soil temperature inside formation
2.4 Numerical mathematical model for original soil temperature field
2.4.1 Dynamic model of shallow underground soil temperature distribution
2.4.2 Solve the shallow formation soil temperature distribution in application of Fourier Law
2.5 Characteristic analysis of formation temperature wave
2.5.1 Formation soil temperature attenuating property
2.5.2 Temperature wave delay
2.5.3 Calculation of original formation soil temperature at the same time
Chapter 3 Heat Transfer between Soil and Air in Tunnel
3.1 Analysis of tunnel wall heat conduction process
3.2 Introduction of coupling problem
3.3 Selection of turbulence model
3.4 Processing of near—wall region
3.5 Mathematical description of the model
3.6 Mesh generation of mathematical model
3.7 Definition of boundary conditions in GAMBIT and FLUENT
3.7.1 Settings for boundary conditions
3.7.2 Preliminary defining of the types of boundary conditions in the GAMBIT
3.7.3 Further defining the conditions of the mathematical model in FLUENT
Chapter 4 Process Analysis of Air through Tunnel in Summer
4.1 Determination of different parameters in simulation computation
4.1.1 Air outdoor meteorological parameters
4.1.2 Formation temperature
4.1.3 Tunnel masonry material
4.1.4 Convection heat transfer coefficient
4.2 Analog computation and analysis of all factors for air cooling through tunnel
4.2.1 Simulation computation and analysis for air cooling factors through tunnel under
4.2.2 Dynamic simulation computation and analysis of air temperature drop through tunnel
4.3 Tunnel cooling efficiency
4.3.1 Effect of tunnel length on tunnel cooling efficiency
4.3.2 Effect of tunnel buried depth on tunnel cooling efficiency
4.3.3 Effect of tunnel wind speed on tunnel cooling efficiency
4.3.4 Effect of tunnel structure size on tunnel cooling efficiency
4.3.5 Effect of different ventilation time on tunnel cooling efficiency
Chapter 5 State Change of Air through Tunnel in Winter
5.1 Introduction of mathematical model
5.1.1 Model zone setting
5.1.2 Air outdoor meteorological parameters
5.1.3 Formation temperature
5.1.4 Soil physical property parameters
5.1.5 Determination of convection heat transfer coefficient
5.2 Simulation results
5.3 Analog computation and analysis of all factors for air heating through tunnel
5.3.1 Simulation computation and analysis for air heating factors through tunnel under steady state
5.3.2 Dynamic simulation computation and analysis of air temperature drop through tunnel
5.4 Tunnel heating efficiency
5.4.1 Effect of tunnel length on tunnel heating efficiency
5.4.2 Effect of tunnel buried depth on tunnel heating efficiency
5.4.3 Effect of tunnel wind speed on tunnel heating efficiency
5.4.4 Effect of tunnel structure size on heating efficiency
Chapter 6 Air through Tunnel Experimental Study
6.1 Experimental object description
6.2 Experimental methods and apparatus
6.2.1 Conditions preparation before the experiment
6.2.2 Experimental methods and procedures
6.2.3 Experimental apparatus
6.3 Experimental error analysis
6.3.1 Experimental apparatus error analysis
6.3.2 Error analysis of experimental measurement
6.4 Experimental procedures and data processing
6.4.1 The experimental procedures and results of tunnel parameters measurement under original state
6.4.2 Experimental procedures and results of each measured parameters inside the tunnel under ventilation state
6.5 Comparative analysis of experimental results and theoretical calculation
Chapter 7 ASHP
7.1 Heat pump and its type
7.2 Air source heat pump（ASHP）
7.3 The characteristics of ASHP
7.4 The applicability of ASHP
Chapter 8 Air Source Heat Pump Based on Air through Tunnel
8.1 Air source heat pump based on air through tunnel
8.2 Introduction of ASHP experimental system based on air through tunnel
8.2.1 Work principle of ASHP system based on ATT
8.2.2 Experiment facility and test method
8.3 Experiment data and analysis of ASHP based on ATT
8.4 Frostless ASHP based on ATT
8.5 Application analysis of ASHP based on ATT
8.6 Innovation analysis of ASHP based on ATT
Annex
Annex 1 Surface Temperature，Temperature Wave Amplitude，and Maximum Depth of Frozen Ground of Main Cities in China
Annex 2 Calculating Parameter for Building Material Thermo Physical Characteristic