“世界学术经典（英文版）”系列·资本主义、社会主义与民主（导读注释版）

 1. Geniuses and prophets do not usually excel in professional learning, and their originality, if any, is often due precisely to the fact that they do not.                                                                                                                                                                        2. In economic life competition is never completely lacking, but hardly ever is it perfect.  3. Want and effective demand are not the same thing. If they were, the poorest nations would be the ones to display the most vigorous demand.                                              4. Capitalism inevitably and by virtue of the very logic of its civilization creates, educates and subsidizes a vested interest in social unrest.                                                             5. To realize the relative validity of one's convictions and yet stand for them unflinchingly is what distinguishes a civilized man from a barbarian.                                  6. The...process of industrial mutation...incessantly revolutionizes the economic structure FROM WITHIN, incessantly destroying the old one, incessantly creating a new one. This process of Creative Destruction is the essential fact about capitalism...The problem that is usually...visualized is how capitalism administers existing structures, whereas the relevant problem is how it creates and destroys them.                                                     7. There are ultimate ideals and interests which the most ardent democrat will put above democracy...such as freedom of conscience and speech, justice, decent government and so on...Democracy is a political METHOD...a certain type of institutioal arrangement of arriving at...decisions and hence incapable of being an end in itself.                      8. Capitalism stands its trial before judges who have the sentence of death in their pockets. They are going to pass it, whatever the defense they may hear; the only success victorious defense may produce is a change in the indictment. 

约瑟夫•熊彼特，美籍奥地利裔政治经济学家，在西方经济学界具有举重若轻的地位，著有本书及《经济发展理论》《景气循环论》《经济分析史》等，提出影响深远的理论有“经济循环”理论、“创新”理论、“资本主义的创造性破坏”和“精英民主”理论，对经济学理论的发展具有重要贡献。

    宥佑，南昌大学文学硕士学历，中国政法大学法学硕士学位。曾供职于央企金融企业，现为英中同传译员。

《资本主义、社会主义与民主》是熊彼特的代表作之一，也是作者数年来对“社会主义”这个问题进行思考、观察和研究后的集大成之作。该书探讨了马克思主义学说、资本主义未来发展以及社会主义与民主等相关问题，他所提出的“资本主义最终由社会主义制度所取代”的主张与马克思的“资本主义必然灭亡，社会主义必然胜利”的学说不谋而合，殊途同归。不同的是前者侧重于“革新式的创造性破坏”，后者则侧重于“以革命式手段为资本主义掘墓”。

导读

1. The Marxian Doctrine

    Prologue 

    Marx the Prophet

    Marx the Sociologist

    Marx the Economist

    Marx the Teacher

2.Can Capitalism Survive?

    Prologue

    The Rate of Increase of Total Output

    Plausible Capitalism

    The Process of Creative Destruction

    Monopolistic Practices

    Closed Season

    The Vanishing of Investment Opportunity

    Crumbling Walls

      The Obsolescence of the Entrepreneurial Function

      The Destruction of the Protecting Strata

      The Destruction of the Institutional Framework of Capitalist Society

    Growing Hostility

      The Social Atmosphere of Capitalism

      The Sociology of the Intellectual

    Decomposition

3. Can Socialism Work?

    Clearing Decks

    The Socialist Blueprint

    Comparison of Blueprints

      A Preliminary Point

      A Discussion of Comparative Efficiency

      The Case for the Superiority of the Socialist Blueprint

    The Human Element

      The Historical Relativity of the Argument

      About Demigods and Archangels

      The Problem of Bureaucratic Management

      Saving and Discipline

      Authoritarian Discipline in Socialism; a Lesson from Russia

    Transition

      Two Different Problems Distinguished 

      Socialization in a State of Maturity

      Socialization in a State of Immaturity

      Socialist Policy Before the Act; the English Example 

4. Socialism and Democracy

    The Setting of the Problem

      The Dictatorship of the Proletariat

      The Record of Socialist Parties

      A Mental Experiment

      In Search of a Definition 

    The Classical Doctrine of Democracy

      The Common Good and the Will of the People

      The Will of the People and Individual Volition

      Human Nature in Politics

      Reasons for the Survival of the Classical Doctrine

    Another Theory of Democracy

      Competition for Political Leadership

      The Principle Applied

    The Inference

      Some Implications of the Preceding Analysis

      Conditions for the Success of the Democratic Method

      Democracy in the Socialist Order

5. A Historical Sketch of Socialist Parties

    Prologue

    The Nonage

    The Situation that Marx Faced

    From 1875 to 1914

      English Developments and the Spirit of Fabianism

      Sweden on the One Hand and Russia on the Other

      Socialist Groups in the United States 

      The German Party and Revisionism; the Austrian Socialists

      The Second International 

    From the First to the Second World War

      The “Gran Rifiuto”

      The Effects of the First World War on the Chances of the Socialist Parties of Europe

      Communism and the Russian Element

      Administering Capitalism

      The Present War and the Future of Socialist Parties

    The Consequences of the Second World War

      England and Orthodox Socialism

      Economic Possibilities in the United States

      Russian Imperialism and Communism

术语汇编与简释