南京大屠杀史（英文版）

　　《南京大屠杀史（英文版）》：
　　On New Year's Day 1912, Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as president in Nanjing, establishing the Provisional Government of the Republic of China, with Nanjing as its capital. Three months later, Sun Yat-sen ceded power to the north China warlord Yuan Shikai, in order to facilitate the abdication of the Qing emperor and lay the foundation of a republic. The capital of the Republic of China was relocated to Beijing. After the Beijin.g government was established, Yuan perversely attempted to restore the monarchy, forcing the Nationalists to continue their revolution in opposition to the northern （Beiyang） warlords. As the Northern Expedition began in 1926, the Republic of China's National Revolutionary Army moved across south China and the capital was moved to Wuhan, upstream from Nanjing on the Yangtze River. Their objective was to advance northward toward the Beiyang regime in Beijing. Northern Expedition commander Chiang Kai-shek instead decided to use his military authority to command the army to move southeast and capture Nanjing. There, he hastily established a separate Kuomintang Central Committee and a Nationalist Government. On April 18, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the publication of the "Declaration of the Establishment of the Nationalist Government Capital in Nanjing," announcing the establishment of the government and the opening of government offices as of that date. Nanjing became the nation's capital and political center.
　　After the Nationalist Government was established in Nanjing in 1927, the name Jinling, given to the city by the Beiyang government, was changed back to Nanjing, according to the National Interim Administrative Area Plan. Liu Jiwen was appointed mayor. On April 24, Liu announced his inauguration by telegram and held a ceremony opening city government offices and inaugurating the mayor at the old imperial examination site in the Confucius Temple neighborhood. This was the beginning of a municipal administrative system in Nanjing and the first municipal-level administrative area established in China.
　　In 1928, the Nationalist Government hired the renowned American architect Henry K. Murphy （1877-1954） as a consultant in charge of urban design in Nanjing. He was assisted by Lu Yanzhi, who had studied in the United States while a student at Tsinghua University. By the end of 1929, the Capital Construction Commission had produced a Capital Plan, and it was officially announced by the Nationalist Government the following year. The Capital Plan was the most comprehensive urban plan for Nanjing during China's Republican era, and it laid the foundation for the development and construction of the city before the War of Resistance.
　　Between 1928 and 1937, under the Nationalist Government's efforts and the guidance of the Capital Plan, urban construction in Nanjing made significant progress. A number of central government agency, enterprise, education, health, business, entertainment, and Republic memorial facilities were built. Renowned Republican era landmarks came into being during this time, including the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Zhongshan Avenue, the Central Mall, the Ministry of Railways Building, and Central Stadium. The city of Nanjing acquired a new look.
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　　《南京大屠杀史（英文版）》是已出版的《南京大屠杀史》的英文译著，内容、结构、篇章均保持原貌，完整全面客观理性地论述南京大屠杀事件本身，由旅美华裔历史学者翻译，期使西方世界跨越语言隔阂，了解南京大屠杀，以增加世界和平正能量，维护二战后建立的和平秩序。

Preface to English Edition
Introduction
Part I．The Nanjing Massacre：Atrocities Committed by Japanese Army
Part II．Japanese Atrocities on Trial：Condemnation and Justice from China and International Community
Part III．Japan’sRightWing：SupportforWarandFaultyViewofNanjingMassacre
1．Glorification ofAggression
2．Denial ofNanjing Massacre
Part IV．Historical Materials：Collection，Publication，and Research

Chapter One：The Battle of Nanjing
Part I． Pre-War Nanjing
1．Nanjing as the Nationalist Government Capital
2．Nanjing’S Administrative Organization and Divisions
3．Changes in Urban and Rural Populations
Part II． Japanese Advance on Nanjing and Nationalist Government Response
1．Japanese Westward Advance after Occupying Shanghai
2．Japanese Air Strikes on Nanjing and Chinese Anti．Aircraft Operations．
3．Nationalist Government Measures to Defend Nanjing
Part Ⅲ． Fierce Battles at Main and Altemate Positions on City Periphery
1．Contest for Main Peripheral Positions
2．Defense Forces Adjust Positions and the Japanese Urge Surrender
3．BattlestoDefendtheCity
Part IV． Japanese Capture ofNanjing
1．Japanese Occupation of Nanjing
2．Atrocities Along the Route
3．Attacks on British and American Ships

Chapter Two：The Massacre that Shocked the World
Part I． “Disposal”of Prisoners and“Mop—Up Operations”
1．“Disposal”of Prisoners of War During Siege of Nanjing
2．“Mop-Up”Orders and“Mop—Up Operations”
Part II． Collective Massacres
1．Collective Massacres Near Yangtze River
2．Manhunts Inside Safety Zone and Collective Massacres Inside and Outside City
Part III． Scattered Killings
1．Scattered Killings Inside City
2．Scattered Killings Inside Safety Zone
3．Scattered Killings in Nearby Suburbs

Chapter Three：Sexual Violence on a Massive Scale
Part I． Rape of Chinese Women
1．Rape by Japanese Soldiers
2．The SufferingofVictims
3．Westemers Witness Sexual Violence
Part II． Perverted Acts of Sexual Violence
1．Gang Rape
2．Forced Incest and Abusive Sexual Escapades
3．Rape and Murder
Part Ⅲ． Japanese Army“Comfort Stations”and“Comfort Women”
1．Establishment of Comfort Stations in Nanjing
2．Types of Comfort Stationsin Nanjing
3．Management of Comfort Stations in Nanjing
4．The Suffering of“Corefort Women”

Chapter Four：Looting，Burning，and Destruction
Part I． Looting
1．Looting of Pubhc and Private Property
2．Seizure of Foreign Property
3．Looting Books and Cultural Relics
Part II． Burning
1．Large—Scale Burning
2．Scattered Burning
3．OrganizedArson
Part III． Destruction of the City
1．Destruction of Purple Mountain Scenic Area
2．Destruction of Historical and Cultural Buildings
3．Occupation and Demolition of Houses and Ancient Architecture

Chapter Five：Relief Efforts of InternationaI Committee of the Nanjing Safety Zone
Part I． Establishment of Nanjing International Safety Zone
1．Westerners Advocate for Safety Zone
2．Attitudes of China and Japan Toward Safety Zone
3．Establishment of Nanjing Intemational Safety Zone
Part II． International Committee Refugee Protection and Relief Efforts
1．Institution to Organize and Manage Safety Zone
2．Distribution of Refugee Camps and Settlement of Refugees
3．Refugee Relief
4．Protection and Rescue of Refugees
Part III． Changein JapaneseAttitudeToward SafetyZone
1．Tacit Acknowledgment of Safety Zone During Initial Occupation
2．IntemationalCommitteeEffortstoCooperatewithJapaneseAuthorities
3．JapaneseHostilityTowardandMarginalizafionofInternationalCommittee
4．Dissolution of International Committee and Closure of Safety Zone

Chapter Six：Nanjing Under Japanese Rule
Part I． Control by the Japanese Army
1．Military Control
2．Social and Economic Control
Part II． Puppet Nanjing Self-Government Committee
1．Establishment of Naniing Self-Government Committee
2．Activities of Self-Government Committee
Part III． Burial and Disposal ofVictims’Bodies
1．Burial by Charitable Groups
2．Japanese Army’s Disposal of Bodies
Part IV． The Lives of Naniing Citizens Under Japanese Rule
1．The Japanese Whitewash of“Peace and Prosperity”
2．Living Conditions in the City
3．Living Conditions of Suburban Farmers
4．Refugees’State of Mind During Nanjing Massacre

Chapter Seven：Chinese Reporting on the Nanjing Massacre
Part I． Chinese Media Reports
1．Media Coverage in Kuomintang—Controlled Areas
2．Chinese Communist Party Media Coverage
Part II． Revelations of Nanjing Massacre Survivors
1．Revelations of Soldiers Fleeing Nanjing
2．Revelations of Refugees in Nanjing
Part III． Publicity by Chinese Authorities
1．0verseas Publicity by International Publicity Office
2．Publications by the Military Affairs Commission Political Department

Chapter Eight：Reaction to Nanjing Massacre of the International Community and Japan
Part I． Reaction ofthe United States
1．News Media Coverage
2．Official Reaction
Part II． Reaction of Germany
1．Official Reaction
2．Change in Govemment Attitude
Part III． Reaction of the United Kingdom
1．News Media Coverage
2．Official Reaction
Part IV． Reactions of Spain，Italy，and the Soviet Union
1．Reaction ofSpain
2．Reactions of Italy and the Soviet Union
Part V． Reaction ofJapan
1．Official Reaction
2．News Media Coverage and Public Reaction

Chapter Nine：Post-War Investigations and Tribunals
Part I． Post-War Investigations
1．Nanjing Enemy Crimes Investigation Commission
2．Nanjing War of Resistance Losses Survey Commission
3．War Crimes Investigation of Nanjing Massacre
Part II． NanjingTribunal
1．Policies and Procedures for Trying Japanese War Criminals
2．Filing Nanjing Massacre War Criminal Cases
3．Tribunal Trials and Judgments
Part III． TokyoTribunal
1．Creation of International Military Tribunal for the Far East
2．Collection of Evidence
3．NanjingMassacreHearings
4．Matsui 1wane Found Guilty
5．Tribunal Judgment and Dissenting Opinions

Index
Contributors